English grammar in use 2-е издание. Реймонд Мёрфи. Present perfect and past (часть 1) "I have done and I did"

   Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
   Том ищет свои ключи. Он не может найти их.

   He has lost his key. (present perfect)
   Он потерял свои ключи

   This means that he doesn't have his key now.
   Это значит что в данный момент у него нет его ключей.

  Now Tom has found his key. He has it now.
  Сейчас Том нашел свои ключи. Они у него.

  Has he lost his key? (present perfect)
  Потерял ли он свои ключи?

  No, he hasn't. He has found it.
  Нет. Он их нашел.

  Did he lose his key? (past simple)
  Он потерял свои ключи?

  Yes, he did.
  Да.

  He lost his key (past simple)
  Он потерял свои ключи.

  but now he has found it. (present perfect) 
  Но сейчас он их нашел.

'Tom has lost his key' = he doesn't have his key now (Не понятно? Смотри урок № 7)

"Том потерял свой ключ" = Сейчас у него нет его ключа

Jack grew a beard but now he has shaved it off. (so he doesn't have a beard now)

Джек отрастил бороду, но сейчас он её сбрил. (то есть сейчас он без бороды)

They went out after lunch and they've just come back. (so they are back now)

Они вышли после обеда, и вот только что вернулись (то есть они уже вернулись)

The Chinese invented printing. (not 'have invented')

Китайцы изобрели печать

How many plays did Shakespeare write? (not 'has Shakespeare written')

Сколько пьес написал Шекспир

Beethoven was a great composer. (not 'has been')

Бетховин был великим композитором

Shakespeare wrote many plays.

Шекспир написал много пьес

My sister is a writer. She has written many books. (she still writes books)

Моя сестра писатель. Она написала много книг

Anna: Ow! I've burnt myself.

Ой! Я обожглась.

Bill: How did you do that? (not 'have you done')

Как ты это сделала?

Anna: I picked up a hot dish. (not 'have picked')

Я подняла горячее блюдо.

Anna: Look! Somebody has spilt milk on the carpet.

Посмотри! Кто-то пролил молоко на ковер.

Bill: Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it. (not 'hasn't been ... haven't done')

Ну, это был не я. Я не делал этого.

Anna: I wonder who it was then. (not 'who it has been')

Интересно, кто же тогда.

Задание:

   Написать что случилось в этих ситуациях.

Пример:

- Jack had a beard. Now he hasn't got a beard. He has shaved off his beard.

  1.  Linda was here five minutes ago. Now she's in bed. She ....................

  2.  The temperature was 25 degrees. Now it is only 17. The temperature ....................

  3.  The light was off. Now it is on. Somebody ....................

  4.  The tree was only three metres high. Now it is four. The tree ....................

  5.  The plane was on the runway a few minutes ago. Now it is in the air.  The plane ....................

Ответы к упражнению

Задание:

   Напишите глаголы в скобках в правильной форме, "present perfect" или "past simple".

Пример:

- 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.' (lose)

- I was very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep. (be)

  1.  Mary .................... to Australia for a while but she's back again now. (go)

  2.  'Where's Ken?' 'He .................... out. He'll be back in about an hour.' (go)

  3.  I did German at school but I .................... most of it. (forget)

  4.  I meant to phone Diane last night but I .................... (forget)

  5.  I .................... a headache earlier but I feel fine now. (have)

  6.  Look! There's an ambulance over there. There .................... an accident. (be)

  7.  They're still building the new road. They .................... it. (not/finish)

  8.  'Is Helen still here?' 'No, she .................... out.' (just/go)

  9.  The police .................... three people but later they let them go. (arrest)

  10.  Ann .................... me her address but I'm afraid I .................... it. (give, lose)

  11.  Where's my bike? It .................... outside the house. It .................... (be, disappear)

  12.  What do you think of my English? Do you think I .................... ? (improve)

Ответы к упражнению

Задание:

   Являются ли подчеркнутые части предложений правильными или неправильными? Исправьте не правильные.

Примеры:

- Do you know about Sue? She's given up her job. ПРАВИЛЬНО

- The Chinese have invented printing. НЕПРАВИЛЬНО: The Chinese invented

  1.  How many plays has Shakespeare written? ....................

  2.  Have you read any of Shakespeare's plays? ....................

  3.  Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher. ....................

  4.  Ow! I've cut my finger. It's bleeding. ....................

  5.  My grandparents have got married in London. ....................

  6.  Where have you been born? ....................

  7.  Mary isn't at home. She's gone shopping. ....................

  8.  Albert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity. ....................

Ответы к упражнению

Задание:

   (Часть 3) Напишите глагол в наиболее подходящей форме, "present perfect" или "past simple".

Пример:

- Anna: Look! Somebody has split (spill) coffee on the carpet.

- Bob: Well, it wasn't (not/be) me. I didn't do (not/do) it.

  1.  Anna: Ben .................... (break) his leg.

  Bob: Really? How .................... (that/happen)?

  Anna: He .................... (fall) off a ladder.

  2.  Anna: Your hair looks nice. .................... (you/have) a haircut?

  Bob: Yes.

  Anna: Who .................... (cut) it? .................... (you/go) to the hairdresser?

  Bob: No, a friend of mine .................... (do) it for me.

Ответы к упражнению